The shoulder joint is a complex highly mobile structure that sacrifices stability for mobility. The joint is formed where the upper arm bone (humerus) connects with a section of the shoulder blade (scapula). The joint surfaces are covers with a smooth (articular) cartilage that provides for pain free movement of the shoulder.
A second joint exists around the shoulder where the collarbone connects to the shoulder blade called the acromio-clavicular joint.
Strong tendons, ligaments and muscles that include the “rotator cuff muscles” support the shoulder and make it stable. An additional ring of cartilage called the labrum adds stability of the shoulder joint.
A joint capsule surrounds the shoulder joint, made of similar material to ligaments and is lined with a covering called the “synovium” which produces a fluid that lubricates the shoulder joint promoting smooth movement.
Bursae are small fluid filled sacs positioned to protect muscles and tendons as the slide and move over bones.
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